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Jonathan Hughes | Hemel Hempstead

What is Catarrh?

Catarrh refers to the build-up of mucus in the back of the nose or throat, often described as a feeling of “phlegm” that is difficult to clear. It can cause a constant need to cough or clear the throat, a sensation of something stuck at the back of the throat, or a blocked and heavy feeling in the head. Unlike a simple runny nose, catarrh tends to linger and can be frustrating when it becomes a long-term problem.

Causes of Catarrh and Phlegm

Catarrh usually develops when the lining of the nose and throat becomes inflamed. This can happen after a viral infection such as a cold, but it is also very common in people with allergies such as hay fever, dust sensitivity, or reactions to environmental irritants like smoke or pollution. Chronic sinusitis may also cause excess mucus production and post-nasal drip, where mucus runs down the back of the throat. In some cases, acid reflux from the stomach can irritate the throat and cause similar symptoms.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the underlying trigger. For many patients, catarrh improves over time with simple self-care measures such as staying well hydrated, using saline sprays or rinses, and avoiding irritants. If allergies are responsible, antihistamines and steroid nasal sprays can help reduce inflammation and mucus production. Chronic sinusitis may need longer-term treatment, including medication or surgery to improve sinus drainage. When reflux is a factor, dietary and lifestyle changes or medication to reduce stomach acid can ease symptoms. If symptoms are persistent or troublesome, an ENT specialist can carry out a nasal endoscopy to look for structural or inflammatory causes and advise on tailored treatment.

If you believe you’re having catarrh and phlegm problems, get in touch with your ENT specialist in London to book a consultation today!
020 3897 0667

Why do I always feel like I have something stuck in my throat?
This is often due to post-nasal drip, where mucus from the nose runs down the back of the throat, creating a constant urge to clear it.

Can catarrh last for months?
Yes. While short-term catarrh is usually caused by a cold, long-lasting catarrh often relates to allergies, chronic sinus problems, or sometimes acid reflux.

Is catarrh the same as a chest infection?
No. Catarrh refers to mucus from the nose and throat. A chest infection involves the lungs and airways, and usually comes with cough, fever, or chest discomfort.

Will antibiotics help with catarrh?
Not usually. Most cases of catarrh are not caused by bacterial infection, so antibiotics are rarely needed. Treatment is instead focused on managing the underlying cause.

What if my catarrh doesn’t go away?
If catarrh persists for more than a few weeks, especially if it is associated with facial pain, nosebleeds, or other unusual symptoms, it is best to seek an ENT assessment to rule out underlying issues and find an effective treatment.