What is Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)?
Allergic rhinitis, often referred to as hay fever, is a common condition where the lining of the nose becomes inflamed due to an allergic reaction. It occurs when the immune system overreacts to harmless substances such as pollen, dust mites, animal dander, or mould. This reaction causes swelling inside the nose and leads to symptoms such as sneezing, congestion, and a runny nose.
Causes of Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is triggered by allergens that are breathed in through the nose. Seasonal allergic rhinitis, or hay fever, is most often caused by tree, grass, or weed pollens at different times of the year. Perennial allergic rhinitis, on the other hand, is present all year round and is usually due to indoor allergens such as dust mites, pets, or mould spores. Genetics, asthma, and eczema can increase the likelihood of developing allergic rhinitis.
Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis
Typical symptoms include sneezing, nasal congestion, a runny nose with clear watery discharge, and itching inside the nose. Many patients also experience itchy or watery eyes, throat irritation, and post-nasal drip, which can cause coughing. These symptoms can affect concentration, sleep, and overall quality of life, especially when persistent.
Treatment Options
Avoiding known triggers is the first step in managing allergic rhinitis, although this is not always possible, especially with pollen exposure. Saline rinses can help wash allergens from the nasal passages. Antihistamine tablets or sprays are commonly used to reduce sneezing and itching, while steroid nasal sprays are very effective in controlling swelling and congestion. For patients with severe or difficult-to-control symptoms, an ENT specialist may recommend allergy testing or immunotherapy, which gradually reduces sensitivity to specific allergens over time.
If you’re having issues with hay fever, get in touch with your ENT specialist in London to book a consultation today!
020 3897 0667
